Cranial Osteopathy — Sutherland Approach
Osteopathic system developed by William Garner Sutherland based on rhythmic mobility of cranial bones, dura mater and sacrum within the Primary Respiratory Mechanism (PRM).
Presentation
Cranial osteopathy was born from William Garner Sutherland's (1873–1954) observation, as a student of Still, that cranial sutures are not fixed but have imperceptible but real mobility. In 1939 he published 'The Cranial Bowl', describing the Primary Respiratory Mechanism (PRM): a physiological rhythmic movement (about 8–14 cycles/minute) involving cranial bones, craniosacral dura mater, cerebrospinal fluid and sacrum.
Creator: William Garner Sutherland, D.O. (1873–1954)
Core Principles
The PRM includes: (1) intrinsic movement of the central nervous system, (2) CSF fluctuations, (3) mobility of intracranial and intraspinal membranes, (4) mobility of cranial bones at sutures, (5) involuntary sacral movement between ilia. The cranial osteopath perceives this rhythm and normalizes asymmetries or restrictions.
Main Indications
- Infants: plagiocephaly, congenital torticollis, sucking difficulties, colic
- Chronic headaches and migraines
- Vertigo and tinnitus
- Traumatic brain injury sequelae
- TMJ disorders
- Sleep disorders
- Anxiety, hyperactivity (ADHD)
- Refractory chronic pain
Contraindications
- Recent or acute intracranial hypertension
- Intracranial hemorrhage or recent cranial surgery
- Known untreated intracranial aneurysm
- Recent cranial fractures
Medical Disclaimer
The information presented in this article is provided for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment prescription. If in doubt, always consult your physician or a qualified healthcare professional. The techniques described do not replace conventional medical treatment.