Membranous Techniques — Cranial Osteopathy
Set of cranial osteopathic techniques working directly on the reciprocal tension membranes (falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, tentorium cerebelli, diaphragma sellae) via precise bony contacts on the skull and sacrum, to normalize intracranial membranous tensions and restore the Primary Respiratory Mechanism.
Presentation
Membranous techniques form the anatomical core of cranial osteopathy. They were developed by William Garner Sutherland (1873–1954) from 1899, after he observed the beveled articulations of the skull bones which seemed designed to allow subtle movements. Sutherland identified the dural membranes (dura mater) as the reciprocal tension system linking skull bones to each other and to the sacrum via the dural tube.
The concept of Reciprocal Tension Membranes (RTM) designates four folds of the intracranial dura mater: (1) falx cerebri (median sagittal plane), (2) falx cerebelli (between cerebellar hemispheres), (3) tentorium cerebelli (horizontal plane between cerebrum and cerebellum), and (4) diaphragma sellae (over the pituitary). These membranes attach to cranial sutures and form a tensegrity system coupled to the sacrum via the dural tube.
Creator: William Garner Sutherland DO (1873–1954); developed by Harold Magoun, Viola Frymann and Rollin Becker
Main Indications
- Chronic headaches and migraines
- Old cranial trauma (tissue memory)
- Cranial suture dysfunction (after difficult birth, trauma)
- Vision disorders and ENT problems (sphenoid and temporal bones)
- Bruxism and TMJ dysfunction
- Autonomic nervous system disorders
- Chronic stress and sleep disorders
Contraindications
- Intracranial hypertension (ICH) — absolute contraindication
- Untreated cerebral aneurysms
- Active meningeal hemorrhages
- Recent cranial surgery (< 6 months)
- Recent skull fractures
Medical Disclaimer
The information presented in this article is provided for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment prescription. If in doubt, always consult your physician or a qualified healthcare professional. The techniques described do not replace conventional medical treatment.