The Eight Diagnostic Principles (Ba Gang)
The Eight Principles (Ba Gang) form the fundamental diagnostic framework of TCM, classifying all imbalances according to four pairs of opposites: Yin/Yang, Interior/Exterior, Cold/Heat, Deficiency/Excess.
Presentation
The Eight Diagnostic Principles (八纲辨证) form the fundamental reading grid underlying all TCM diagnosis. All imbalances are classified according to four complementary pairs of opposites: Yin/Yang, Interior/Exterior, Cold/Heat, Deficiency/Excess.
The Four Pairs
- Yin/Yang: The encompassing pair summarizing the other three.
- Interior/Exterior: Location. Exterior = superficial layer; Interior = Zang-Fu organs.
- Cold/Heat: Nature. Cold = chilliness, pallor, slow pulse; Heat = fever, redness, rapid pulse.
- Deficiency/Excess: Correct Qi vs pathogenic factor. Deficiency = fatigue, weak voice; Excess = pain refusing pressure, distension.
Clinical Application
- Wind-Cold type cold: Exterior + Cold + Excess
- Chronic low back pain from Kidney-Yang deficiency: Interior + Cold + Deficiency
- Acute gastritis: Interior + Heat + Excess
Limitations
- Basic framework requiring refinement
- Mixed presentations require advanced expertise
- Does not replace conventional examinations
Medical Disclaimer
The information presented in this article is provided for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment prescription. If in doubt, always consult your physician or a qualified healthcare professional. The techniques described do not replace conventional medical treatment.