Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS)
Use of low-frequency electrical currents to induce involuntary muscle contractions for sports recovery, strengthening, rehabilitation and pain relief.
Presentation
EMS uses electrical impulses delivered through skin electrodes to cause muscle contraction. Initially developed in rehabilitation by Soviet physiotherapists (Kotz protocol, 1970s), EMS has become established in sport for recovery, complementary strengthening and pain treatment.
Programs and Frequencies
- Active recovery (1-5 Hz): low-intensity rhythmic contractions, 20-30 min post-exercise
- Endurance (20-40 Hz): prolonged contractions recruiting slow-twitch fibers
- Strength (50-80 Hz): intense contractions recruiting fast-twitch fibers
- TENS (80-150 Hz): sensory nerve stimulation for pain relief
Contraindications
- Pacemaker or implantable defibrillator
- Epilepsy
- Pregnancy (on abdomen)
- Deep vein thrombosis
Medical Disclaimer
The information presented in this article is provided for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment prescription. If in doubt, always consult your physician or a qualified healthcare professional. The techniques described do not replace conventional medical treatment.